The objective here is just to provide a very brief bibliography, in addition to Clanchy and Parkes (which you should read), if anyone is interested in pursuing this theme.

• M. J. Carruthers, The Book of Memory. A Study of Memory in Medieval Culture (Cambridge, 1990)
• J. Goody, The Logic of Writing and the Organization of Society (Cambridge, 1986) [one paradigm]
• S. Justice, Writing and Rebellion. England in 1381 (Berkeley, 1994) [carefully]
• R. McKitterick, ed., The Uses of Literacy in Early Medieval Europe (Cambridge, 1990) [contributions by Susan Kelly and Simon Keynes, and the conclusion by Rosamund McKitterick, but with special attention to the references in Kelly and Keynes to Wormald 1977]
• D. R. Olson, The World on Paper. The Conceptual and Cognitive Implications of Writing and Reading (Cambridge, 1994) [another paradigm]
• B. Stock, The Implications of Literacy. Written Language and Models of Interpretation in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries (Princeton, 1983)

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