Glossary

The glossary is selective. Dates and references of occurrences are provided for the less usual words, some of which seem quite archaicising (caciator, cassiator, batella) or borrowed from other contexts (equitatores, pedones).

adiunctio (15383 1351-2) maturity, when an animal moves from one age cohort to the next in the stock account

amigdala (15377c 1268-9 and elsewhere) almond

angula (15376e 1250-1) eel (anguilla)

astra (15376a 1280-1) hearth

avantagium (15377a 1269-70 and elsewhere) the amount given as an inducement to merchants when grain was sold in quantities by private treaty; see R.H. Britnell, ‘Advantagium mercatoris: a custom in medieval English trade’, Nottingham Medieval Studies 24 (1980), 37-50

baculum (15381 1319-20) beam (plough)

bars (15376e, 15378 1250-1, 1269-70) bass (fish)

bas (15383 1351-2) cart-saddle

batella/bacella (15377a, c 1268-70) feed (in this case of calves and lambs)

besca, bescha (15377c 1268-9 and elsewhere) spade

biga cart

blanket’ blanket cloth

brusca brushwood

caballus (15376b 1252-3) horse (once only)

caciator, cassiator (15376c, f , 15377a, b, c, d 1249-52, 1267-70) listed amongst the famuli: plough driver (later fugator)

campestrales (15383 1351-2) free-range (literally field-)(pigs)

candela paris’ (15381 1319-20) Paris candles (made from tallow)

capister (15376d c.1247 and throughout) halter

capra marina (15376f 1249-50) goat-fish

carectillum (15377c 1268-9) cart body

Carnepriuium (15380 1287-8) the beginning of Lent

castrare (15382 1330-1 and elsewhere) to sterilise (female as well as male pigs)

catena (15384 1283?) chain (for well)

cella (15381 1351-2) (cart) saddle (sella)

cepum, sepum tallow (for candles in harvest)

ceriscum (15376f 1249-50) cherry

chaux (15377c 1268-9) chalk, lime (calx) (buildings)

cheppare (15381 1319-20) to fit a plough chip

cheuerella (15376d 1249-50) deer

ciator (15377a 1269-70) sawyer

Cineres (15376d 1249-50) Ash Wednesday

cipha cup, bowl

clata (15382 1330-1) hurdles (for the fold)

clauiger (15377a 1269-70 and elsewhere) hayward

clei(e)s (15377b 1268-9 and elsewhere) hurdles (for the fold)

companagium throughout from c.1249 relish; foodstuff provided to complement bread; compernagium (15387 1344-5)

congres (15376b, c, e 1250-3) conger eel, congre(is) (15376f 1249-50)

contra (15376b and elsewhere 1252-3 onwards) (in prepartion) for as in contra autumpnum, contra pascha (15376f 1249-50)

corballus basket

cordula (15386 c.1400) small ropes (for use by the pedones)

cribla, cribra (15377a 1269-70) sieve

crocus saffron

cresta (15376a 1280-1) ridge tile

Curall’ dross corn

curellum, corallum (15380, 15386 1287-8, c.1400) kiln (for making malt)

curialitas (15381, 15383, 15387 1319-20, 1344-5 1351-2) gift, ‘courtesy’

curtellum (15377d 1267-8) coulter

cuuilles (15377c 1268-9) pegs (for buildings; roof tiles)

decimareus (15376b 1252-3) tithe collector: gathered tithes in the field as a hired worker in harvest

decimator (15376c, d, e, f, 15377a, b, c, d c.1247, 1249-52, 1267-70) tithe collector: gathered tithes in the field as a hired worker in harvest

disca (15387 1344-5) dish

equitator (15376d c.1247 and through all the accounts) hired in harvest in small numbers; men on horseback, possibly supervisers or ‘mounted foremen’

famulus throughout permanent estate labourer retained by the lord

forma (15380 1287-8) mould for making cheeses

freelum, fraellum (15377d, 15376a 1267-8, 1280-1) basket (of figs, see fricarus)

fretta (15379 1281?) fret (cart)

fricarus, figus (15377d, 15376 1267-8, 1280-1) figs

fugator (15379, 15380 1281?, 1287-8 and thereafter) ploughdriver (replacing the earlier term caciator or cassiator)

furagium (15376b 1252-3) stalk (of vetches)

furneagerus (15380 1287-8) baker

gallinarium (15379 1281?) henhouse

gropa (15377d 1267-8 and elsewhere) clamp

groseset (15389 1408-9) bar (gates; doors)

gunphus (15379 1281? and elsewhere) hook

hakes (15376e 1250-1) hake (fish)

houkes (15389 1408-9) hook (gates; doors)

hussa (15377d 1267-8) saddle cloth

inuoluere (15382 1330-1) to wrap (of cheeses)

lamprees (15376f 1249-50) lamprey

latteriator/lattiator (15377a 1269-70) lather, constructs lathes

ligatura (15377d 1267-8 and elsewhere) binding (often of metal)

limones (15377b 1268-9) shafts (carts)

Lintheum (15376f 1249-50) sheet; lintiamen (15377c 1268-9) (winnowing) sheet

linea tela (15382 1300-1) linen cloth

lunces (15381 1319-20) linch pins (carts)

manutergua (15376d c.1247) towel

mappa (15382 1300-1) (winnowing) sheet

mapparium (15379 1281?) (winnowing) sheet

marlang (15376e, f 1249-51) merling (fish)

marle (15376d c.1247)

megarus (15377b 1268-9) mackerel (used once, otherwise makerel was used)

mensa throughout in mensa food provided by the lord for hired workers; ad mensam the common or manorial table provided by the lord for workers during harvest

merces (15377a, b 1268-70 and elswhere) payment when not stipendium; usually to the smith or grooms

modula (15379 1281?) nave of wheel (cart)

muluellus cod

olerum (planta olerum) (15377a 1269-70) vegetables

ollea (15379 1281? and elsewhere) pot ollea terrea earthen pot

palicium (15380 1287-8) pale, fence

panus (15389 1408-9) panels (wooden)

parcellum per parcellos (15377b 1268-9 and elsewhere) food provided in bits

patella bowl

pedale plough iron

pedones (15379-15387, 15389 1281?, 1287-8, 1319-20, 1330-1, 1344-5, 1351-2, 1408-9) workers on foot hired in harvest, possibly replacing the term decimatores

pelura (15376d 1249-50) palisade, fence

pesagium (15376d 1267-8) stalk (cum pesagio) (of peas sold)

pilus hair from hide (used in making halters)

pincerna (15388 1380-1) not a steward, but a worker hired in harvest as a cook

plaiz (15376e 1250-1) plaice

poretarius (15377c 1268-9) soupmaker (in harvest)

porettum (15377a 1269-70) leek

porpes (15376e 1250-1) porpoise

prebenda fodder

presepe (15377b, 15379 1268-9, 1281?) fold or pen

prolixitas (15376a 1280-1) length (of August)

propter (15376f 1249-50 and elsewhere) on behalf of, in the cause of e.g. propter abbatem de la Hide

punctare (15379 1281?) to prick in (of beans, usually by women)

pymantium (15389 1408-9) strengthening (gen.pl.gerund.) (walls)

rewardum (15389 1408-9) single payment for wage (in rewardo)

rustes (15381 1319-20) spikes

salx (15376d 1249-50) chalk (for calx)

sardres (15376e 1250-1 sperling (fish)

scala (15381 1319-20) rail (carts)

scutella (15380 1287-8) bowl

securis axe

sedlopum (15376d, e c.1247, 1250-1) seed basket

sepes hedge

sequela (15381 1319-20) entourage (of the prior)

serrare (15381 1319-20) floating (of horses’ teeth)

serrura lock

sicera cider

sinapum (15376f 1249-50) mustard

sotularis shoe

spada (15376a 1280-1) spade

sparra (15377b 1268-9) spars (construction)

sporta (15381 1319-20) basket

stoppa (15379, 15381 1281?, 1319-20) vessel, stoup

superplusagium (15382 1330-1) the expenses exceed the receipts in the balance and this item appeared first in the expenses of the following year

tasca throughout ad tascam, ad thascham workers hired at piecework

tass(i)ator (15377a 1269-70 and elsewhere) stacker (in harvest, but also threshed)

tectura roofing material, usually implicitly thatch

tina (15377a 1269-70) tub (for the dairy)

tingu[illum] (15376e 1250-1) beam

tractes (15387 1344-5) traces (carts)

tradbend’ (15381 1319-20) tread-band (cart)

tribula (15380 1287-8 and elsewhere) shovel

valor (15383 1351-2) ‘profit’

vertiuella (15379 1281? and elsewhere) hinge

vesagium (15376d 1267-8) stalk ( cum vesagio) (of vetches sold)

vigneron (15377b 1268-9) vine-dresser or -tender

viniator (15377c 1268-9) vine-dresser or -tender

waerium (15380 1287-8) horse-pond